Hydrangea, celebrated for its stunning blue and lavender-hued flowers, is a favored decorative plant that falls under the Hydrangeaceae family. Beyond its aesthetic appeal, the root and rhizome—known as the underground stem—have a rich history in traditional herbal medicine, particularly for addressing urinary ailments. Yet, one might question what scientific research reveals regarding its reputed advantages and safety profile.

This article delves into the various benefits, applications, supplements, potential side effects, and recommended dosages associated with hydrangea root.

What is Hydrangea Root?

The Hydrangea genus encompasses over 70 diverse plant species that belong to the Hydrangeaceae family. Among these species, Hydrangea paniculata, Hydrangea macrophylla, and Hydrangea arborescens stand out for their notable medicinal properties. Interestingly, H. paniculata and H. macrophylla are indigenous to Asia, while H. arborescens originates from the eastern regions of the United States. These species are commonly referred to by various names including hortensia, seven bark, wild hydrangea, smooth hydrangea, bigleaf hydrangea, and mophead hydrangea.

Hydrangea root, derived from the roots and underground stems or rhizomes of these plants, is a supplement that has been utilized in traditional medicine for centuries. Folk medicine has relied on it to address prostate and bladder infections, attributed to its purported diuretic properties, which refer to its ability to enhance urine production. Nonetheless, it is important to note that scientific evidence supporting these claims remains insufficient.

Possible Advantages

Research conducted in laboratories and on animals indicates that certain compounds found in hydrangea root may offer various health benefits.

Could Safeguard Your Kidneys

Elevated levels of specific blood markers can signify kidney injury. Experiments conducted on mice suggest that hydrangea extract might effectively reduce some of these harmful indicators. For instance, elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels are indicative of kidney damage. Research involving animals with induced kidney injuries demonstrated that hydrangea extract significantly decreased BUN levels. Moreover, one study revealed that mice treated with this extract exhibited less kidney damage when compared to a control group.

Another investigation found that skimmin, a key active molecule in hydrangea extract, led to reduced levels of BUN, blood creatinine, and urinary albumin excretion (UAE) in mice suffering from kidney inflammation. Increased levels of creatinine and UAE also point to kidney dysfunction. Additionally, a study on mice indicated that the extract enhanced recovery from medically induced kidney injury by downregulating inflammation and cell death, although this effect was noted only in previously damaged kidneys. Despite these encouraging findings, further research involving humans is essential.

May Exhibit Anti-Inflammatory Properties

Hydrangea root is abundant in a compound known as coumarin. Both coumarin and its derivative skimmin are believed to possess anti-inflammatory characteristics. Inflammation can trigger heightened levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), nitric oxide (NO), and interleukin 6 (IL-6)—all recognized as pro-inflammatory markers.

Animal studies suggest that coumarin and skimmin may inhibit NO production and IL-6 activation while also suppressing the upregulation of TNF-α and IL-1β. Moreover, one particular study in mice indicated that hydrangea root extract curtailed the infiltration of inflammatory cells such as macrophages and neutrophils into kidney tissues, hinting at an additional potential anti-inflammatory mechanism. Additionally, alongside coumarin and skimmin, the extract contains loganin and sweroside, both of which are known for their anti-inflammatory benefits. Nonetheless, it is crucial to remember that human research in this area remains limited.

Potential Antioxidant Effects

An excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body can lead to oxidative stress, resulting in tissue damage and various negative health outcomes. Fortunately, antioxidants serve to protect the body from oxidative stress and its harmful effects. The coumarins present in hydrangea root possess antioxidant properties. For example, a study on mice indicated that hydrangea extract significantly alleviated oxidative stress, suggesting strong antioxidant capabilities.

Similarly, another study found that the extract notably reduced oxidative stress markers, including NO and malondialdehyde (MDA), in mice. It is essential to highlight that these benefits have yet to be confirmed through human studies.

Additional Potential Benefits

Although human research is still lacking, it is hypothesized that hydrangea root may also:

• Lower blood sugar levels. Test-tube studies and animal experiments indicate that the compound skimmin found in hydrangea root might help alleviate insulin resistance and boost blood sugar uptake.
• Protect your liver. Various test-tube studies have identified multiple compounds in hydrangea stems that may offer protection against liver toxicity.
• Exhibit cancer-fighting properties. One test-tube investigation revealed that hydrangenol, another compound found in hydrangeas, could inhibit the reproduction and spread of bladder cancer cells.

Potential Side Effects

Research on the side effects and toxicity of hydrangea root is quite limited. However, anecdotal evidence from users has highlighted a few possible adverse reactions, including chest tightness, nausea, vomiting, upset stomach, and dizziness. Furthermore, an older study conducted in 2000 suggests that hydrangenol, a known allergen present in hydrangeas, may trigger allergic reactions upon direct skin contact with the hydrangea root.

It is also important to note that due to the insufficient information regarding the root's toxicity, it is advisable for pregnant or breastfeeding women to steer clear of its use. Always consult your healthcare provider before considering hydrangea root supplements to ensure your safety. In summary, while scientific research is sparse, anecdotal reports have indicated potential side effects such as nausea, upset stomach, dizziness, chest tightness, and vomiting associated with hydrangea root consumption.

Forms, Uses, and Dosage

Hydrangea root supplements are available in various forms, including capsules, tinctures, powders, syrups, and liquid extracts, making them accessible for different preferences and needs. In many cultures, such as in India, the dried or powdered form of hydrangea root (known as 'Buddha's hand' in some regions) is commonly used to prepare herbal tea. To make this tea, simply simmer 1 tablespoon (15 grams) of the hydrangea root in an 8-ounce (250-mL) cup of water for optimal infusion.

It is important to note that, due to the limited research conducted on humans, no specific dosage for hydrangea root supplements has been established as of now. Caution is advised, as higher doses exceeding 2 grams have been associated with certain side effects. While hydrangea root can be found in various preparations including powder, tincture, syrup, and capsules, it is generally recommended to remain cautious with dosages, particularly those exceeding 2 grams, as this could lead to unwanted reactions.

The Conclusion

For centuries, Hydrangea root has been utilized in traditional medicine to address various urinary ailments, including prostate issues (prostate enlargement), bladder infections, and kidney stones. This historical use highlights its significance in holistic health practices across cultures, such as in India, where herbal remedies play a crucial role in daily wellness.

Despite its long-standing application, scientific evidence, primarily from test-tube and animal studies, supports its potential role in safeguarding kidney health from damage. Moreover, it's believed that certain bioactive compounds within the plant may exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, contributing to overall health and wellbeing.

However, it's crucial to acknowledge the limited scope of human studies investigating these benefits. Consequently, no standardized dosage for hydrangea root supplements has been established. Users should also be aware of the potential side effects that may arise, which can include nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal discomfort, and dizziness, emphasizing the need for caution.

You can find hydrangea root supplements offered in various formats, such as capsules, tinctures, powdered forms, syrups, and liquid extracts, making it more accessible for those interested in exploring its benefits.