A vegetarian diet excludes meat, poultry, and fish, but includes a variety of plant-based foods such as fruits, vegetables, grains, legumes, nuts, seeds, and dairy products (in lacto-vegetarian diets) or eggs (in ovo-vegetarian diets). This diet is rich in vitamins, minerals, fiber, and antioxidants while being lower in saturated fats and cholesterol. People choose vegetarianism for various reasons, including health benefits, environmental sustainability, and ethical concerns regarding animal welfare. It is important for vegetarians to plan their meals carefully to ensure they obtain all essential nutrients, such as protein, iron, calcium, and vitamin B12, which may be less abundant in a plant-based diet.