Angelica is a fascinating genus of plants and herbs that have been widely utilized in traditional medicine, especially across various Asian regions. The roots of numerous Angelica species are commonly employed to create herbal remedies. When referring to angelica root, it predominantly points to the species Angelica archangelica (A. archangelica), although it can also encompass Angelica sinensis (A. sinensis). Both plants have a rich history of application in traditional and herbal medicine, with a particular emphasis on A. sinensis, which has undergone more extensive scientific exploration.

In traditional Chinese medicine, A. sinensis is valued for its various applications, including promoting hormonal equilibrium, enhancing digestive health, and aiding liver detoxification. Conversely, A. archangelica has been traditionally favored in several European nations for addressing digestive concerns, improving circulation, and alleviating anxiety. However, it is important to note that there is limited scientific backing to substantiate many of these claims for both varieties.

This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of angelica root, highlighting the distinctions between A. archangelica and A. sinensis, their applications, benefits and drawbacks, as well as the typical dosages recommended.

Understanding Angelica Root

Plants belonging to the Angelica genus can reach heights of up to 10 feet (3 meters) and showcase stunning globe-shaped clusters of green or yellow flowers that eventually yield small yellow fruits. These plants are notable for their distinctive and potent aroma, which is often described as musky, earthy, or herbaceous due to the presence of aromatic compounds.

Among the different species, A. sinensis, commonly referred to as dong quai or female ginseng, is primarily found in China and various East Asian countries, where it plays a significant role in traditional medicine, particularly for addressing female hormonal concerns. Conversely, A. archangelica, known as wild celery or Norwegian angelica, predominantly thrives in European regions. This species is utilized not only in culinary dishes but also for its medicinal properties.

While the term angelica root suggests that only the root is utilized, many supplements and herbal products derived from A. archangelica incorporate not only the root but also its seeds, fruits, and flowers. In contrast, products made from A. sinensis are typically focused solely on the root. Despite their close relationship, the primary utilization of A. sinensis in herbal remedies is its root, whereas the entirety of the A. archangelica plant is leveraged for its benefits.

Applications of Angelica Root

Angelica root, especially A. archangelica, is known for its diverse culinary applications. This herb is occasionally incorporated into the production of gin and various other spirits, while its leaves can be candied to serve as an elegant garnish or decorative element in dishes. Nonetheless, its primary significance lies in its role as an herbal remedy. Angelica boasts a rich history of use as traditional medicine across Europe and Russia, where it is commonly found in the wild. On a related note, the root of A. sinensis plays a crucial role in traditional Chinese medicine, predominantly focusing on women’s health and well-being. While A. sinensis is specifically employed to address women’s health concerns in Chinese medicine, A. archangelica finds its applications in select European regions as an herbal remedy and in the crafting of spirits.

Advantages

Currently, the scientific evidence supporting the advantages of angelica root — specifically A. sinensis and A. archangelica — remains limited.

Advantages of A. sinensis

It is believed that the majority of the potential benefits associated with A. sinensis are attributed to ligustilide, a potent compound constituting around 1% of the plant, responsible for its distinctive fragrance. Research conducted on animals and in laboratory settings indicates that extracts from A. sinensis can target glioblastoma cells, a particularly aggressive form of brain cancer.

However, this does not imply that consuming an angelica root supplement will effectively eliminate brain cancer in humans. The reality is that this outcome is improbable, and further studies involving human subjects are crucial before A. sinensis can be viewed as a viable cancer therapy.

While these findings provide a promising foundation for future investigation, it is essential to heed the recommendations of your healthcare professionals if you are battling cancer. A. sinensis may also facilitate wound healing by stimulating angiogenesis, which is the formation of new blood vessels. There is some preliminary evidence suggesting it may specifically aid in the healing of diabetic foot wounds, which tend to be more severe and take longer to heal due to the damage high blood sugar levels inflict on blood vessels and tissue.

One of the prevalent applications of A. sinensis, particularly in traditional Chinese medicine, is in addressing symptoms associated with menopause and various female hormonal concerns. With the rising interest in complementary therapies, many individuals are exploring natural alternatives for alleviating menopause symptoms like hot flashes or night sweats.

Some studies indicate that reduced serotonin levels in the body could contribute to menopausal hot flashes, and it is suggested that angelica root might help sustain or elevate circulating serotonin levels, thus mitigating the intensity and frequency of these episodes. Nonetheless, high-quality evidence supporting the efficacy of A. sinensis for managing menopause symptoms is scarce, and long-term safety data in menopausal women is lacking. A. sinensis may also offer protective effects against osteoarthritis, characterized by joint degeneration, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an inflammatory autoimmune disorder affecting the joints.

Incorporating A. sinensis into your regimen may help reduce inflammation, prevent further joint deterioration, and support cartilage repair in cases of osteoarthritis. Concerning RA, A. sinensis may diminish the inflammatory response, alleviating pain and improving various associated symptoms. However, it is important to note that these studies were conducted in laboratory and animal models, necessitating more research.

Advantages of A. archangelica

A. archangelica may also present certain benefits, yet limited research has been performed on this herb. Additionally, most existing studies have been conducted in test tubes and animal models, which serve primarily as a preliminary basis for future human trials. Similar to A. sinensis, A. archangelica exhibits promising anticancer and anti-tumor properties in laboratory and animal studies. For instance, it has demonstrated the ability to destroy breast cancer cells in vitro and inhibit tumor development in mice. It may also exhibit similar effects on cervical cancer, laryngeal cancer, and rhabdomyosarcoma cells. These actions are believed to stem from the presence of angelicin and imperatorin, two potent phytochemicals found in A. archangelica.

However, the current research does not provide sufficient evidence to confirm that A. archangelica can yield anticancer or anti-tumor benefits in humans. More extensive studies are necessary, and individuals diagnosed with cancer should adhere to their healthcare team's prescribed treatment plans.

A. archangelica may also possess the capability to eliminate harmful bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Laboratory studies have shown that the essential oil derived from A. archangelica can eradicate pathogenic bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Additionally, extracts from A. archangelica and specific isolated compounds, such as imperatorin, have demonstrated antiviral properties against the herpes simplex virus (responsible for cold sores) and coxsackievirus, which can lead to digestive disorders. The essential oil of A. archangelica also shows potential as a food-safe preservative, effectively inhibiting mold growth, as evidenced by its ability to destroy mold found on walnuts. Lastly, there is compelling evidence from animal research indicating that A. archangelica may help alleviate anxiety.

Three studies involving rats noted that A. archangelica extract induced a state of relaxation and reduced anxious behaviors in these animals. However, these findings have yet to be replicated in human subjects, making it challenging to determine whether similar effects would occur in people. Further research involving humans is warranted.

In summary, A. sinensis shows promise for wound healing, menopause, and arthritis management, while A. archangelica may offer anti-anxiety and antimicrobial benefits. Both varieties have demonstrated the ability to eliminate certain cancer cells in laboratory settings, but significant human-based research remains necessary.

Potential Downsides

The root of Angelica, especially A. sinensis, is associated with several side effects and might lead to drug interactions. Although A. archangelica could also present some side effects, it has not been studied as extensively as A. sinensis. There have been reported instances where high doses of A. sinensis supplements have been linked to cardiovascular issues. Additionally, A. sinensis can potentially elevate your blood pressure.

Moreover, A. sinensis may interact with anticoagulants such as warfarin, which could lead to severe and possibly life-threatening bleeding in certain situations. It is crucial to consult with your healthcare provider before using A. sinensis if you are on any blood-thinning medication. Furthermore, members of the Angelica family contain furanocoumarins, similar compounds found in grapefruit that may interfere with various medications, including those used for lowering cholesterol and anti-seizure treatments.

It is advisable to discuss with your healthcare provider prior to incorporating any form of Angelica into your routine if you are taking medications that come with a grapefruit warning. Additionally, be aware that photodermatitis, which is an unusual skin reaction to ultraviolet (UV) light, as well as contact dermatitis, can arise from handling the angelica plant. Lastly, due to insufficient data concerning their safety for pregnant and breastfeeding women, it is recommended to avoid using A. archangelica and A. sinensis if you are pregnant, planning to conceive, or nursing.

In summary, A. sinensis can lead to elevated blood pressure, heart complications, and potential interactions with blood thinners. Additionally, plants in the Angelica genus may have interactions with medications that carry grapefruit warnings.

Dosage and Precautions

Angelica root supplements are available in various forms including capsules, liquid extracts, and dried tea. While these options provide flexibility for consumers, a definitive dosage has yet to be established, leaving the question of a safe intake to avoid potential complications and side effects open to interpretation. Typically, these supplements contain between 500 and 2,000 mg of powdered angelica root or its extract per serving.

If you are currently on blood thinners or have existing heart conditions or hypertension, it is crucial to refrain from using A. sinensis unless specifically advised by your healthcare provider. Additionally, it’s essential to avoid self-medicating with an Angelica-based supplement, as this may postpone necessary medical intervention and could lead to severe repercussions. Always consult your healthcare professional before considering angelica root for any health-related purposes.

Purchasing Angelica Root

When purchasing angelica root supplements, ensure that the product you choose contains the specific type of Angelica that aligns with your intended health benefits. Numerous products labeled as angelica root or simply angelica fail to specify the type they are derived from, which can lead to confusion.

As a general guideline, dong quai supplements are typically derived from A. sinensis, whereas angelica root supplements are generally made from A. archangelica. However, it's worth noting that some supplements made from A. sinensis may also be marketed as angelica root. To eliminate any ambiguity, always select a product that clearly states the species of Angelica it contains. Remember, a standard dosage is yet to be firmly established, with most supplements providing between 500 and 2,000 mg of powdered angelica root or extract per serving. Always check the label to confirm the specific species of Angelica used in the supplement.

The Final Takeaway

Angelica root, known for its herbal medicinal properties, has gained popularity in various regions, particularly in Europe and East Asia. This term generally refers to two specific species: A. archangelica and A. sinensis (known as Chuanxiong in Chinese). Despite the numerous claims regarding their health benefits, scientific backing is quite limited, with most available studies conducted on animals or in laboratory settings rather than humans. For those considering the use of angelica root supplements, it's vital to ensure that the product contains the specific species you are looking for to maximize its potential benefits.