Borage, an esteemed herb known for its myriad health benefits, has been utilized for centuries. This remarkable plant is particularly abundant in gamma linoleic acid (GLA), an omega-6 fatty acid recognized for its ability to significantly reduce inflammation. Furthermore, borage has been suggested as a potential remedy for various ailments, such as asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, and atopic dermatitis. Nevertheless, it is crucial to acknowledge that there are notable side effects associated with borage, and certain populations should refrain from using this herb entirely. In this article, we delve deeper into the advantages, applications, and risks of incorporating borage into your diet.

What is Borage?

Commonly referred to as starflower, borage is a remarkable herb celebrated for its striking purple blooms and numerous medicinal benefits. This herb has a rich history in traditional medicine, where it was utilized for its ability to dilate blood vessels, function as a natural sedative, and manage seizures. The plant's leaves and flowers are not only visually appealing but also edible, often serving as a delightful garnish or a dried herb in various drinks and culinary dishes. In many cultures, including Indian and Japanese cuisines, borage leaves can add a unique flavor to salads and soups.

Additionally, the leaves may be ground and steeped in hot water to create a soothing herbal tea, providing a refreshing alternative to traditional options. The seeds of borage are particularly valuable, as they are processed to extract borage oil, which is typically applied topically to enhance the health of hair and skin. Moreover, borage is readily accessible in various forms, such as supplements, softgels, and herbal teas, making it a popular choice for those seeking relief from respiratory and digestive issues. In Australia and Canada, its versatility and health benefits are increasingly recognized, further solidifying borage's place in alternative health practices.

Health Advantages

Borage (Borago officinalis) has been associated with numerous potential health advantages.

May Reduce Inflammation

Research indicates that borage is endowed with powerful anti-inflammatory properties. For instance, a study conducted in vitro and on animals revealed that borage seed oil could shield cells from oxidative damage, a factor that contributes to inflammation. Furthermore, another animal study illustrated that administering borage seed oil to mice led to a reduction in age-related inflammatory markers. In a human study involving 74 participants, those who took borage oil supplements for 18 months—regardless of whether they also consumed fish oil—experienced a decrease in symptoms associated with rheumatoid arthritis, a condition characterized by inflammation.

Potential Asthma Relief

Several investigations suggest that borage extract may alleviate asthma symptoms by mitigating inflammation and swelling in the respiratory passages. In one study, subjects who consumed capsules containing borage oil along with echium seed oil daily for three weeks exhibited reduced inflammatory levels among 37 individuals with mild asthma. Another 12-week study involving 43 children found that a supplement comprising borage oil and a mix of other ingredients, such as fish oil, vitamins, and minerals, led to decreased inflammation and asthma symptoms. However, the specific role of borage in these positive outcomes remains uncertain. Conversely, a study involving 38 participants indicated that taking 5 mL of borage extract three times daily improved asthma symptoms but did not significantly lower inflammation compared to a control group. Thus, further research is essential to understand how borage extract may influence asthma and inflammation.

Enhancing Skin Health

Borage oil is rich in gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), a fatty acid crucial for maintaining the integrity and functionality of the skin. Additionally, borage oil possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant characteristics, aiding in wound healing and reinforcing the skin's natural barrier. Some studies suggest that borage may be beneficial for various common skin issues, including atopic dermatitis, a prevalent form of eczema. For example, a study indicated that wearing an undershirt treated with borage oil for two weeks significantly reduced redness and itching in 32 children suffering from atopic dermatitis. Although a review of 13 studies yielded mixed results regarding the efficacy of borage oil in treating atopic dermatitis, it highlighted that most studies suggested a degree of benefit in managing its symptoms. However, a comprehensive review of 27 studies concluded that oral borage oil supplements did not effectively alleviate eczema symptoms. It is essential to conduct more research to ascertain the impact of borage oil on skin health when applied topically or ingested orally.

Overall, current research suggests that borage may play a role in reducing inflammation, alleviating asthma symptoms, and enhancing skin health.

Possible Side Effects

Similar to other essential oils, borage oil should be used topically and not consumed orally. To ensure safety, it is crucial to dilute borage oil with a carrier oil, such as coconut (nariyal) or avocado (makhanphal) oil, before application to minimize the risk of skin irritation. Additionally, conducting a patch test is advisable; simply apply a small amount on your skin and monitor for any adverse reactions.

Borage softgel supplements can be found at numerous health stores and pharmacies, usually available in dosages ranging from 300 to 1,000 mg. You can also enjoy loose-leaf or prepackaged teas that can be steeped in hot water to create a comforting cup of borage tea. While generally regarded as safe, borage supplements may lead to mild side effects, such as digestive disturbances, including gas, bloating, and indigestion. In rare instances, excessive intake of borage oil has been linked to more severe side effects, including seizures.

Furthermore, these supplements may interact with certain medications, particularly blood thinners. It is also important to note that the borage plant contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), which can be harmful to the liver and may promote cancer growth; however, these compounds are predominantly eliminated during processing, and PA-free borage supplements are commonly available.

It is essential to understand that dietary supplements are not strictly regulated by the FDA, so purchasing products that have undergone third-party quality testing is highly recommended. Additionally, individuals with liver conditions, as well as pregnant or breastfeeding women, should avoid using borage. Lastly, if you are on any medications or have existing health conditions, consulting with a healthcare professional before incorporating this supplement into your regimen is imperative.

In summary, borage oil must be diluted for topical use, and while borage supplements may cause mild digestive issues, they should be avoided by individuals with liver problems and by pregnant or breastfeeding women.

The Bottom Line

Borage, also known as Borago officinalis, is a remarkable medicinal herb celebrated for its extensive health benefits. This versatile herb has garnered attention for its ability to significantly reduce inflammation, enhance skin health, and alleviate symptoms associated with asthma. However, it is crucial to utilize supplements responsibly, adhering to the recommended guidelines. Always choose products that are free from harmful pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), and seek the advice of a healthcare professional before incorporating them into your routine, particularly if you are on other medications or have existing health issues.